Management of Onion Rust through Host Resistance and Alternate Application of Fungicides in Adjara,Georgia
Author(s)
Otar Shainidze , Guram Chkhubadze , Shota Lamparadze , Nodar Beridze , Mamuca Turmanidze ,
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Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa) is the most important vegetable among Allium crops in the world due to its nutritional and health benefits, attached by many harmful Pathogens. The main objective of this study was to identify and determine the main pathogens of Onion evaluate the effects of integrated disease management through host resistance; alternate fungicide applications on rust epidemic and bulb yield; and determine the economics of fungicide application in the management of onion rust. Field experiments were conducted in Adjara (Khelvachauri and Keda), using 3 onion varieties, namely Creole, Pinoy F1 and Enza (local cultivar) Mancozeb and Nativo fungicides were sprayed with alternate and alone applications during the 2019/2022 cropping season. Treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analyses of variance revealed that interaction effects of Mancozeb, Nativo, and their alternate applications with Pinoy F1 and Creole varieties showed the lowest disease severity, area under the disease progress curve, and disease progress rate as compared to the unsprayed plots of all varieties. The higher disease severity was recorded in 2020 than in 2019 cropping season. In Adjara (2019), the variety Pinoy F1 showed significantly higher (21.1 t ha-1) yield and, exhibited 1.4 t and 6.0 t yield advantags over Creole variety and the local cultivar, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the fungicides tested on bulb yield in both districts, but lower relative yield losses were recorded in response to application of Mancozeb and Nativo alone. In 2020 than the maximum net profit was obtained on the onion varieties Pinoy F1 and Creole in combination with Mancozeb fungicide alone and on the variety Local only with Nativo. In case of alternate fungicide applications, higher marginal rate of return was noted than on unprotected plots. Especially treatment of Pinoy F1 and Local cultivar with Mancozeb+Nativo indicated higher marginal rate of return value than Nativo+Mancozeband and unsprayed plots.
Keywords
onion, pathogen, Puccinia alli, Fungicides, mancozeb, native, severity, effect
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