Weed Diversity-and Abundance in Rice Growing Areas of Malinyi District, Morogogro, Tanzania
Author(s)
Halifa Ally ILUMBI , Kallunde Pilly Sibuga , Lilian SHECHAMBO ,
Download Full PDF Pages: 43-56 | Views: 43 | Downloads: 19 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12648957
Abstract
Weeds are globally foremost yield reducing factor in rice production. Therefore, it should be controlled before causing economic yield loss, but proper weed control is happened when they are well known. Thus a survey was conducted in 70 rice fields of 0.4ha each in Malinyi District to identify weeds associated with rice which is key information for weed management decision. Systematic quadrat sampling method in diagonal pattern was used and ten 1m2 quadrat established in a field. Weeds in each quadrat were uprooted, identified and counted by species. Weed counts obtained used to calculate frequency, field uniformity, density and relative abundance for each species. Total of 35 weed species belonging to 13 families were identified. Among weed species identified 19 were annual and 16 perennial, in which 15 were grassy, 3 sedges and 17 broadleaved weeds. Out of 10 most prevalent and abundant weed species, there were six grasses, Paspalum scrobiculatum (36.7%), Ischaemum regosum (27.9%), Echinochloa colona (24.5%), Oryza longistaminata (21.8%), Leptochloa chinensis (13.1%), and Leersia hexandra (11.6%); two sedges, Fimbristylis miliacea (26.0%) and Cyperus rotundus (12%) and two broadleaved weeds, Ageratum conyzoides (22.5%) and Physalis minima (12.1%). Relative abundance indicated that, grassy weeds were more dominant than perennial. Shanon wiener index had the highest value in Makerere village (2.84) and the lowest was in Usangule village (1.95). Diversity indices shown that weed species were moderately diverse which implies weeds were not evenly distributed. The study suggested that the most abundant weed species should be controlled for increasing rice production. Sequential cropping system is proposed for reducing weed pressure in rice fields. Moreover, more surveys are needed to identify possible problematic weed and weed population shifts and more research toward new or enhanced weed control measures.
Keywords
Rice; weed; Uniformity; Frequency; Density; Perennial; Annual; Diversity. Relative abundance
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