Multiplex PCR-Based Detection of Pig Skin and Sterculia Gum Adulterants in Refined Edible Bird’s Nests

Author(s)

Tran Ngoc Quy , Do Tan Khang , Nguyen Pham Anh Thi , Nguyen Nhu Quynh , Hua Kim Giau , Tran Gia Huy ,

Download Full PDF Pages: 20-30 | Views: 86 | Downloads: 35 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11471928

Volume 8 - April 2024 (04)

Abstract

This study presents a novel multiplex PCR technique designed to identify adulteration in refined edible bird's nests (EBNs), specifically targeting common adulterants such as pig skin and Sterculia gum. Distinctive PCR product sizes of 294 bp for pig DNA and 157 bp for EBN DNA, together with 750 bp for Sterculia gum were achieved, demonstrating a sensitivity of 1 ng/μL for the three of the samples, which underscores the method's specificity. Optimal conditions were established with a primer concentration of 20 μM and an annealing temperature of 59.5ºC for pig skin detection, while for Sterculia gum, a primer concentration of 10 μM and an annealing temperature of 57ºC were effective using ITS and COI primers, respectively. This method offers unprecedented precision in distinguishing between adulterants in purified EBNs, providing a significant advancement in ensuring the integrity and safety of these products in the field of oriental medicine and cuisine.

Keywords

edible bird’s nests, adulterants, pig skin, Sterculia gum, multiplex PCR, detection. 

References

        i.            Alvarado, P. E., Barrios, R. M. M., Xóchihua, J. A. M., & Hernández, J. F. C., 2017. Fast and reliable DNA extraction protocol for identification of species in raw and processed meat products sold on the commercial market. Open Agriculture, 2(1).

      ii.            Bustin, S., & Huggett, J. (2017). qPCR primer design revisited. In Biomolecular Detection and Quantification (Vol. 14). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bdq.2017.11.001

    iii.            Chau Huu Hung, 2023. Designing primers to amplify COI, Cyt-b, ND2 and Fib7 genes of swiftlets (Aerodramus spp.). Undergraduate thesis. Can Tho University.

     iv.            Guo, L., Wu, Y., Liu, M., Wang, B., Ge, Y., & Chen, Y. (2014). Authentication of Edible Bird’s nests by TaqMan-based real-time PCR. Food Control, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.006

       v.            Nguyen Le Tram Anh, 2022. Examining the process of extracting DNA from edible bird’s nest by SDS method combined with filter column. Graduate thesis. Can Tho University.

     vi.            Qi, X. H., Zhang, M. F., & Yang, J. H. (2007). Molecular phylogeny of Chinese vegetable mustard (Brassica juncea) based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 54(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9179-0

   vii.            Quek, M. C., Chin, N. L., & Tan, S. W. (2021). Optimum dna extraction methods for edible bird’s nest identification using simple additive weighting technique. Foods, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10051086

 viii.            Spychaj, A., Szalata, M., Słomski, R., & Pospiech, E., 2016. Identification of Bovine, Pig and Duck Meat Species in Mixtures and in Meat Products on the Basis of the mtDNA Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene Sequence. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 66(1).

     ix.            Xu, W., Bai, W., Luo, Y., Yuan, Y., Zhang, W., Guo, X., & Huang, K. (2008). A novel common single primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction (CSP-M-PCR) method for the identification of animal species in minced meat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(15). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3382

Cite this Article: