Potential of Aqueous Extract of Jatropha curcas on the Control of Post-harvest Rot of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) Fruits in Wukari
Author(s)
Usman Talba , B.G. Zakari , S.S. Zakari ,
Download Full PDF Pages: 92-99 | Views: 948 | Downloads: 286 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3484263
Abstract
The study was conducted in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, located in North-Eastern region of Nigeria on Longitude 9.783˚E and Latitude 7.850˚N. A total of ninety (90) sweet orange fruits (Citrus sinensis) were collected from three different markets within Wukari town between the months of March 2018 and June 2018. Observation for the level of fungal growth and fruit rot was made daily for 7 days and results were recorded, percentage rot severity was determined. Wukari New Market had the highest percentage incidence in the study area (83 %), followed by Wukari Yam Market (66.7 %). The least rot incidence was recorded in Wukari Old Market (60 %). Among the three isolates, A. niger causes the most severe rot. Mycelia covering up to 85.8%, the pathogenic effect was rated highly pathogenic. While Aspergillus sp. causes least severe rot with mycelia covering up to 39.9%, the pathogenic effect was rated moderately resistance. Leaves and seeds of the test plant were thoroughly washed, air dried and grinded separately into a fine powder using mortar and pestle. For seeds extraction, four different dilution concentrations were prepared by adding 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g of the fine powder into a 100mls distilled water separately in a 250ml beaker. It was left to stand for 24 hours and then filtered through three fold of sterile cheesecloth to obtain crude aqueous extracts. For leaves extraction, only the highest dilution concentration of the seed extraction was used. The phytochemical characteristics of the plants investigated are summarized as Alkaloid, Glycosides, Terpenoids, and Sapronins were present in seed and leaf extracts. Flavonoids were absent in both seed and leaf extracts. Tannins, Reducing sugar and Phenols are only present in the leaf extract. The design was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. The variables considered were fungal isolates and concentrations of the extracts. All data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Means that are significant were separated by the test of Least Significance Difference (LSD). The study recommends that this promising plant extract be further evaluated in multi-location that share same agroecology zone
Keywords
Aqueous, Extracts, Jatropha, Post-harvest, Rot and Lemon
References
i. Akintobi A.O., Okonko I.O, Agunbiade S.O., Akano OR & Onianwa O. (2011). Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Some Selected Fruits in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Academia Arena. 3(11): 1-10. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.
ii. Al-Hindi R.R., Al-Najada A.R & Mohamed S.A (2011). Isolation and Identification of Some Fruit Spoilage Fungi: Screening of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(4): 443- 448.
iii. Balogun O.S., Odeyemi G.A & Fawole O.B. (2005). Evaluation of the Pathogenic Effect of Some Isolates on Fruits and Seedlings of Pepper (Capsicum spp). Journal of Agriculture Research and Development. 4(2): 159-169.
iv. Donlaporn S & Suntornsuk W, (2010). Antifungal Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Jatropha curcas Seed Cake . J. Microbiol. Biotech nol. 20(2): 319-324.
v. Frisvad J.C & Samson R.A (1991). Mycotoxins produced by species of Penicillium and Aspergillus occurring in cereals. In: Chelkowski J (ed.) Cereal Grain. Mycotoxins, Fungi and Quality in Drying and Storage. Elsevier, Amsterdam fungi.Burgess Publishing Company. USA. pp. 441-476.
vi. Gorinstein S, Martin- Belloso O, Park Y, Haruenkit R, Lojek A, Milan I, Caspi A, Libman I & Trakhtenberg S, (2001). Comparison of some biochemical characteristics of different Citrus fruits. Food Chem.74 (3), 309-315.
vii. Gupta S, & Dikshit A.K (2010). Biopesticides: An eco-friendly approach for pest control.Journal of Biopesticides, 3, 186 – 188.
viii. Isawunmi MA,(1984) the peppery fruits of Nigeria. Nigerian field. 49(1):37-44.
ix. Ismail M.& Zhang J (2004). Postharvest citrus diseases and their control. Outlook of pest management, 15: 29–35.Tafinta et al.: Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis).
x. Nicholson G.M (2007). Fighting the global pest problem: Preface to the special Toxicant issue on insecticidal toxins and their potential for insect pest control, Toxicant, 49, 413–422.
xi. Njoku P.C & Akumefula M.I (2007). Phytochemical and nutrient evaluation of spondias mombin leaves. Pak Journal Nutures 6(6):613-615.
xii. Oyeleke A.& Manga S.B (2008). Essential of Laboratory Practice, 3rd edition, Tobest Publishers, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, Pp.12-29.
xiii. Peraica M, Radic B, Lucic A & Pavlovic M. (1999). Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. Bull. World Health Organ. 77:754-766.
xiv. Poppe L, Vanhoutte S & Hofte M (2003). Modes of action of patoea agglomerans CPA2, an antagonist of postharvest pathogens on fruits. Eu. J. Plant pathol.109, 963-973.
xv. Snowdon A.L (1990). A color Atlas of post-harvest Diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables, Volume I; General Introduction and Fruits. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Fl, Usa.
xvi. Wilson C.L, Franklin J.D & Pusey P.L (1987). Biological control of Rhizopus rot of peach with Enterobacter cloacae. Phytopathology
xvii. Watanabe T. (2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 2nd ed. ISBN 0-8493-1118-7
xviii. Sofowora A. (1993). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria, Pp. 191- 289.
Cite this Article: