A Preliminary Evaluation of Bamboo Tree Effect on Selected Properties of Coal Spoil Contaminated Soils of a Humid Area of Southern Nigeria
Author(s)
Anselm Enwelem Egwunatum , I. K. Okore , D. E. Dolor , N. V. Orji ,
Download Full PDF Pages: 76-83 | Views: 455 | Downloads: 130 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4040963
Abstract
Coal exploitation produces an overburden mine spoil that overtime contaminates the soil environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus) tree species on selected properties of overburden coal spoil contaminated soil. The treatment consisted of arable and agroforestry land soils contaminated with overburden coal spoil in the ratio of 1:1 (W/W) and the overburden coal spoil laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) in five replications. Data was collected from the recombinant treatments of planted Giant bamboo cuttings in each of the treatment on the soil properties and growth response of the plants at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days respectively after shooting and were subjected to ANOVA while significant means to LSD. Results showed that the soil pH, Organic concentration, Total Nitrogen, bio available, Pb, CD, Fe, Zn, Bulk density and total porosity differed significantly ( P=0.05). There was a consistent increase in organic C content across the treatments between 30 and 120 days after shooting. Relative to the pre-bamboo planting values, bio available Pb and Cd across treatments decreased as the days after bamboo shooting increased but decreased between 30 and 120 days by Pb (31.96%) and Cd (9.90%) respectively. Similarly, the bulk density declined while the total porosity increased with increase in the number of days after shooting in the order agroforestry > arable > coal spoil soils to underpin better bamboo growth performance with the recombinant agroforestry soil, relative to the other treatments. These suggest that the bamboo did not only improve the soil physical characteristics but also removed some heavy metals (Pb and Cd) from the soil. Hence the plant could be a suitable phytoremediation plant for the restoration of coal mine degraded lands.
Keywords
Recombinant Treatment, Agroforestry and Arable Land Soils, Bio available, Trace elements, Bulk density, Total Porosity
References
i. Abalaka, I.E. and Aga, T. (2016). A review of geology and coal mining in South Eastern Nigeria “Implication for sustainable national development” 10SR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics. Vol..14 (2):12-15
ii. Adeyinka, O.O and Bankole, D. A. (2019). The environmental implication of the exploration and exploitation of solid minerals in Nigeria, with special focus on Tin in Jos and Coal in Enugu. Journal of Sustainable Mining. 18:18-24.
iii. Bhuiyan, M.A., PArvez, L; Islam, M.A. Jamepire, S.B. and Susukia, S. (2010). Heavy metal pollution of coal mine affected agricultural soils in the Northern part of Bangladesh, Journal of Hazard Materials 173:384 – 392
iv. Effah, B., Boampony, E., Asibey, O., Pongo N.A. and Nkrumah, A. (2014). Small and medium bamboo and rattan enterprises in economic empowerment in Kumasi: perspective of producers: Journal of Social Economic 1:11-21
v. Emamverdian. A., Ding. Y and Xie, Y (2018). Phytoremediation potentials of bambooplant in China. Eco. Env and Cons 24 (1): 530-539
vi. Ghose, M.K. (2005). Soil conservation for rehabilitation and revegetation of mine degraded land. Information digest on Energy and Environment 4(2):17-150
vii. IITA – International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (1989). Automated and Semi-automated methods for soil and plant analysis. Manual series No.7. IITA Ibadan:120pp
viii. Jacob, D.F., Oliet, J.A., Aronson, J., Bolte A., Bullock, J.M., Donason, P.J. Landhausser, S.M., Madsen, P., Peng, S., Rey-Benaya, J.M. and Weber, J.C. (2015). Restoring Forests: What constitutes succers in the twenty first century? New Forest 46: 601 – 614: http://doi.org/10.1007/5/1056-015-95, 3-5
ix. Kucak and Blanus (1998). Comparison of two extraction procedures for the determination of trace metals in soil by atomic adsorption spectrometry. Arh. Hig. Rada. toksiko. 49:327-334
x. Madegon, E., Demora., A.P., Felipe, E., Burgos P and Cabrera, F. (2006). Soil amendments reduce trace element solubility in contaminated soil and allow regrowth of natural vegetation. Environmental Pollution. 139:40-52
xi. Lobovikov, M., Lou, Y., Schoene, D. and Widenja, R. (2009). The poor man’s carbon sin: bamboo in climate change and poverty alleviation: Non wood forest products. Working document No. 8 INBAR/FAO. Beijing, China.
xii. Okore, I.K., Chikere – Njoku, I.C. and Osaigbova A.U. (2006). Effect of some planted fallow species on the nutrient stock and physical properties of an ultisol and maize/yam yield in humid forest area of Eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Applied Sci. 24:181-187
xiii. Ocheri, C. Mbah, C.N and Wilson O. (2017). Revitalization of Coal development in Nigeria for industrial advancement. Sci. Fed. Journal of Metallusnigical Sc. Vol (2): 16-23
xiv. Ogunsola, O.I. (1991). Coal Production and Utilization trend in Nigeria. Fuel Sci and Tech. International 9(10):1211-1222
xv. Paudyal, K., Putzel., L., Baral, H., Chaudhary, S., Sharma R., Bhandari, S., Poudel, I. and Keenan, R.J. (2017). From denuded to gree mountains: Process and Motivating Factors of Forest and Scape restoration in Phewa Lake watershed Nepal. International Forestry Review 19:75-87
xvi. Rajkumar, M., Sandhya, S., Prasad, M. N and Freitas, H. (2012). Perspective of plant associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation. Biotech, Adv. 30: 1562- 1574
xvii. Sohel, M.S., Alamgir, M., Akhter, S. and Rahman, M (2015). Carbon Storage in bamboo (Bambusa Vulganis) plantation in degraded tropical forest: implication for policy and development. Land use policy 49:142-151. https://doi.org/10161/. Land use pol. 2005.07.011
xviii. Yan, W., Mahmood, Q., Peng D., Fu, W., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Li, S ., Chen , J and Liu, D ( 2015). The spatial distribution pattern of heavy metals and risk assessment of Moso bamboo forest soil around Lead- zinc mine in South eastern China. Tillage Research 153: 120-130
xix. Zhou, B.Z., Fum, Y., Xie J.Z, Yang X.S and Liz, C. (2005): Ecological function of bamboo forest: Research and application. Journal of Forestry Research 16:143-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02857909.
Cite this Article: