Livelihoods for Ethnic Minority Households in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
Author(s)
Download Full PDF Pages: 93-111 | Views: 231 | Downloads: 88 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4765663
Abstract
Theories and frameworks of livelihoods by scholars and DIFD were defined. Furthermore, the study finds out five factors of the framework of livelihood as external context, institutional and policy process, livelihood assets, livelihood strategies, and livelihood outcomes. Typical framework on 1) Scooner’s sustainable rural livelihood framework source (1998), 2) DFID sustainable livelihood analysis, 3) Sustainable livelihood framework IFAD (2003) was introduced. DFID framework was used to analyze livelihood analytical frameworks of ethnic minorities in the study area of Thai Nguyen province. Main factors affecting the livelihood of ethnic minority households, such as policy and government program, shocks and risk, education and training, characteristics of ethnic minority groups, and development program aid.
Keywords
Livelihoods, Ethnic Minority
References
i Ashley, C. and D. Carney (1999). Sustainable livelihoods: Lessons from early experience, Department for International Development London.
ii Ahmed UI, Ying, Bashir, Abid, Elahi (2016). Access to output market by small farmers: The case of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 26(3):
iii Baulch, B. (2010). Report on "Ethnic minority poverty in Vietnam."
iv Baltenweck I and Staal (2007) Beyond one-size-fits-all: differentiating market access measures for commodity systems in the Kenyan highlands. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 58: 536–548. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2007.00129.x
v Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis and B. Wisner (2014). At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters, Routledge.
vi Boothroyd, P. and X. N. Pham (2000). Socioeconomic renovation in Viet Nam: The origin, evolution, and impact of Doi Moi, Idrc.
vii Bui Minh Dao (2011). Development status of the Central Highlands and some issues of sustainable development, Social science Publisher.
viii Birthal and Joshi (2007). Smallholder farmers’ access to markets for high‐value agricultural commodities in India Case study No. 6–4 of the program: Food policy for developing countries: The role of Government in the global food system. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: http://cip.cornell.edu/dns.gfs/1200428174
ix CEMA. (2015). "New rural areas of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas are getting better and better." Retrieved 15/6, 2016, from http://cema.gov.vn/2015/01/28/e8478c00471863d3b7b3b73fc826d80e-cema.htm.
x Chambers, R. and G. R. Conway (1992). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. IDS IDS. IDS Discussion Paper 296.
xi Chareonwongsak, K. (2014). Ethnic minority poverty reduction in mountainous regions: Linking to markets. Sustainable development and ethnic minority poverty reduction in mountainous regions. Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen University Publishing House: 173-177.
xii Conte R. and M. Paolucci (2002). Reputation in artificial societies: Social beliefs for social order, Springer Science & Business Media.
xiii Culas C. and N. Van Suu (2010). Norms and Practices in Contemporary Rural Vietnam.
xiv Dam The Chien and D. T. A. Tho (2014). Sustainable poverty reduction model for ethnic minority in Ba Be district, Bac Kan province through the implementation of production of potatoes in partnership between companies and farmers. Sustainable development and ethnic minority poverty reduction in mountainous regions. Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen University Publishing House: 168-172.
xv Dang, N. V. (1998). Religious Theories and Practice in Vietnam. Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House.
xvi Daniel Start and Priya Deshingkar, 2013. Seasonal Migration for Livelihoods in India:Coping, Accumulation and Exclusion
xvii Delgadillo, J. (2014). "Program on rural alliance in Bolivia for income generation of small-scaled agricultural production business."
xviii DFID (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets, Department for International Development London.
xix DFID (1998). Implementing the Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach by Diana Carney in "Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. What contribution can we make?" papers. the Department for International Development's Natural Resources Advisers' Conference.
xx Dinh Duc Thuan (2005) Report on "Forestry, Poverty Reduction and Rural Livelihoods in Viet Nam."
xxi Eade D. (1997). Capacity-building: An approach to people-centred development, Oxfam.
xxii Ellis F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
xxiii Ellis F. and S. Biggs (2001). "Evolving themes in rural development 1950s-000s." Development policy review 19(4): 437-448.
xxiv Fischer I. and G. Buchenrieder (2010). Risk management of vulnerable rural households in southeast Asia. 9th European IFSA Symposium, Vienna, Austria.
xxv Ha Thi Dang Huong (2016) "Ethnic minority problem through the 12th general assembly." Culture and Art 385.
xxvi Hansen M. H. (2011). Lessons in being Chinese: Minority education and ethnic identity in Southwest China, University of Washington Press.
xxvii Hoang Hoe (1998). Experiment on modeling community forestry in the buffer zone of Ba Vi National Park. Involvement of local communities in the management of nature reserves and national parks in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh city.
xxviii Hong S. M. (2013). Korea's Experience on Human Resources Role in the Community Development, Kazakhstan.
xxix Hoon P., N. Singh and S. Wanmali (1997). "Sustainable livelihoods: Concepts, principles and approaches to indicator development." UNDP, New York.
xxx Hussein K. (2002). "Livelihoods approaches compared." London, Department for International Development.
xxxi IFAD (2013) Market orientation and household food security Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development; Available at: www.ifad.org/hfs/thematic/rural/rural_4.htm assessed on June 14, 2013.
xxxii Jones L., S. Jaspars, S. Pavanello, E. Ludi, R. Slater, N. Grist and S. Mtisi (2010). "Responding to a changing climate: Exploring how disaster risk reduction, social protection and livelihoods approaches promote features of adaptive capacity."
xxxiii Kofinas G. P. and F. S. Chapin III (2009). Sustaining livelihoods and human well- being during social-ecological change. Principles of ecosystem stewardship, Springer: 55-75.
xxxiv Krantz L. (2001). "The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction." SIDA. Division for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis.
xxxv Krantz S. G. (2001). Function theory of several complex variables, American Mathematical Soc.
xxxvi Kydd J. and A. Dorward (2001). "The Washington consensus on poor country agriculture: analysis, prescription and institutional gaps." Development policy review 19(4): 467-478.
xxxvii LaFlamme M. (2010). Sustainable Desert Livelihoods: A cross-cultural framework, DKCRC Working Paper 69. Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre, Alice Springs. Retrieved 15 June 2010, from http://www. desertknowledgecrc. com. au/resource/dkcrc-working-paper-69_ sustainable- desert-livelihoods_a-cross-cultural-framework. pdf .
xxxviii Lao Cai Statistic Department (2017). Lao Cai Statistical Yearbook 2016, Statistic Publisher.
xxxix Le Dien Duc (2002). Community development in the buffer zone of the Xuan Thuy and Tien Hai natural preservation areas for sustainable use of wetland resources. Buffer zone and nature reserves of Vietnam, Hanoi, Agriculture Publisher.
xl Leigh N. G. and E. J. Blakely (2016). Planning local economic development: Theory and practice, Sage Publications.
xli Leite M. C. and J. Weidmann (1999). Does mother nature corrupt: Natural resources, corruption, and economic growth, International Monetary Fund.
xlii Liao Y., D. Bang, S. Cosgrove, R. Dulin, Z. Harris, A. Taylor, S. White, G. Yatabe, L. Liburd and W. Giles (2011). "Surveillance of health status in minority communities-Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Across the US (REACH US) Risk Factor Survey, United States, 2009." MMWR. Surveillance summaries: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries/CDC 60(6): 1.
xliii Lipton M. and S. Maxwell (1992). "The new poverty agenda: An overview." Discussion Paper-Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex (United Kingdom).
xliv Looney K. E. (2012). The rural developmental state: Modernization campaigns and peasant politics in China, Taiwan and South Korea, Harvard University.
xlv Mac Duong (2005). "The problem of ethnic minorities in our country in the vision to 2020." Jounal of Ethnographic 2: 22-31.
xlvi Manuta J. and L. Lebel (2005). Climate change and the risks of flood disasters in Asia: crafting adaptive and just institutions. International Workshop on Human Security and Climate Change, University of Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 21–23, June 2005.
xlvii McGillivray M. (1991). "The human development index: yet another redundant composite development indicator?" World Development 19(10): 1461-1468.
xlviii Minten B (1999) Infrastructure, market access and agricultural prices: Evidence for Madagascar. MSSD Discussion paper No. 26, Washington, DC. International Food Policy Research Institute.
xlix Morrow B. H. (1999). "Identifying and mapping community vulnerability." Disasters 23(1): 1-18.
l Ngo Duc Thinh (2010). Customary customs in the lives of ethnic groups in Vietnam. Hanoi, Justice Publisher.
li Ngo Thi Tra My and D. V. Tin (2014). Market access and the sustainability of community based tourism enterprises: Case study in Droong village, Dong Giang district, Quang Nam province, Vietnam. Sustainable development and ethnic minority poverty reduction in mountainous regions. Thai Nguyen University Thai Nguyen University Publishing House: 103-112.
lii Nguyen Quoc Nghi and Bui Van Trinh (2014). Analysis of Vietnam's economic growth: Barriers for the period 2015 - 2020. Expansion in Vietnam: Implications for the diagnostic approach to growth. Hanoi.
liii Nguyen Thi Nguyet (2002). Solutions and model of agro-forestry-fishery in buffer zone of Bach Ma NP after the policy of forest allocation. Involvement of local communities in the management of nature reserves and national parks in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh city.
liv Nguyen Viet Hiep, Dam The Chien and N. V. Gioi (2014). Experiences on selection, development and replication of models on hunger eradication and poverty elimination for the ethnic minorities in the mountainous areas: Lesson from the project at Ban Peo commune, Hoang Su Phi district, Ha Giang province. Sustainable development and ethnic minority poverty reduction in mountainous regions. Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen University Publishing House: 227-235.
lv Pitts D., C. Udom and J. Marwah (1987). "Cardiovascular effects of cocaine in anesthetized and conscious rats." Life sciences 40(11): 1099-1111.
lvi Portes A. (1995). The economic sociology of immigration: Essays on networks, ethnicity, and entrepreneurship, Russell Sage Foundation.
lvii Prabbu B. (2014). Conversation strategies and approaches for sustainable development and poverty alleviation in the mountain areas of Nepal. Sustainable Development and Ethnic Minority Poverty Reduction in mountainous regions Thai Nguyen, Thai Nguyen University Publishing House: 37-45.
lviii Ray D. B. (2005). Family farms and farming families: The overlap of two institutions. EAAE Seminar on Institutional Units in Agriculture. Ashford (UK) 9-10.
lix Reed E. P. (2010). Is saemaul undong a model for developing countries today? International Symposium in Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Saemaul Undong September.
lx Rerkasem K. and B. Rerkasem (1994). Shifting cultivation in Thailand: its current situation and dynamics in the context of highland development, IIED.
lxi Scoones (1998). "Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis." IDS Working. Paper 72.
lxii Scoones I. (1998). "Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis."
lxiii Seabrook J. (2004). Consuming cultures: Globalization and local lives, New Internationalist.
lxiv Shaw D. J. (2007). World Summit for Social Development, 1995. World Food Security, Springer: 328-333.
lxv Smith L. E., S. N. Khoa and K. Lorenzen (2005). "Livelihood functions of inland fisheries: policy implications in developing countries." Water Policy 7(4): 359-383.
lxvi Solesbury W. (2003). Sustainable livelihoods: A case study of the evolution of DFID policy, Overseas Development Institute London.
lxvii Srinivasan T. N. (1994). "Human development: a new paradigm or reinvention of the wheel?" The American Economic Review 84(2): 238-243.
lxviii Sunderlin W. D., A. Angelsen, B. Belcher, P. Burgers, R. Nasi, L. Santoso and S. Wunder (2005). "Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: an overview." World development 33(9): 1383-1402.
lxix Taylor P. (2008). "Minorities at large: New approaches to minority ethnicity in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese studies 3(3): 3-43.
Cite this Article: